Know the Signs

Perpetrators often convince and manipulate children to lie or be silent about their abuse, which can make it hard to recognize signs of child abuse and neglect. Children may also be scared, ashamed, guilty, or embarrassed about the trauma they are experiencing. It can make a child feel confused or alone.

If you observe signs that a child may be getting abused and/or neglected, it is important to closely monitor the situation to ensure the child is protected.

Every year, U.S. child protective services referrals involve 7.2 million children.

91%

of perpetrators are parents.

77%

of child, deaths involve at least one parent.

What are some common signs a child may be suffering abuse?

Physical signs

Visible and severe injuries, especially in infants. This includes bruises, sprains, and burns
Injuries varying in healing stages
Burn marks
Injuries difficult to explain
Timing of injuries and/or their frequency, such as during particular times of the year or once a month

Behavioral signs

Behavior extremes, such as being overly compliant and passive or very demanding and aggressive
Increased avoidance or fear of a specific person or situation
Nightmares or difficulty sleeping
Difficulty expressing thoughts and feelings
Wears clothing that covers up arms, legs, and other parts of the body out of season

Sexual signs

Pain or itching in the genital area
Bruises or bleeding in and around the genital area
Torn, stained, or bloody clothing
Sexually transmitted infections
Pregnancy
Knowledge or interest in sexual behaviors not age appropriate

Developmental signs

Failure to thrive socially or academically
Uncomfortable with physical contact with others
Slowed physical, emotional, or intellectual development
Learning disorders
Speech disorders

Psychological signs

Low self-esteem
Uncharacteristic obedience or perfectionism
Strong shame or guilt
Statements or behaviors that appear programmed